Loop for transferring liquids.



A. G. PAUL LOOP FOR. TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 10, 1912.

1,097,594. Patented May19,1914. 2 SHEETS-BIHEIBT 1.

' ATTORN J A. G. PAUL. LOOP F03 TRANSFERRINQ LIQUIDS, APPLICATION IILEJ)Av'jm, 1912,.

.'2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

. Patented May 19, 1914.

"leesthsn from the tank 1 up to the pipe 6 if sufiicient water shouldaccumulate in the tank 1 and the pipe 2 to form such a solid column ofwater. nore than one cross-over pip: is used the lowest crossrovernpipeshouldv placed at such a point as to secure this re sult. 7 is a checkvalve placed in the cross over pipe 6 desi d to prevent any backflow,from the discharge 1 to the supply 1e 8 is a receiver in the. ischargeleg, or with which the discharge leg is connected and into. which thedischarge leg opens.

in my ordinary way with thereceiver 8 to iiuignate what the water levelis In said receiver. 12 is an escape pipe leading from tho upperend ofthe loop and provided with an automatic escape valve or automatic va ve13. This valve 13 may be an ordinary milomatic valve which will permitthe escape of waterand air while preventing the escape of steam, or itmay be a safety valve winch will open at a given or predeterminedpressure and let anything out so as to pre vent the increase of anypressure above the desired point at the upper end ofthe. loop. The pipe12 preferably leads down to the basemmtor to some suitable point wherethe escaping fluids can be conveniently discharged. 14 is an escape pipesimilar to the pipe 12, leading from the upper end of the receiver 8 andprovided with an automatic escapevalve, or an automatic air valve 15simi ar to the valve 13.

The rationof this apparatus is as 'follows:, e will'assume that it isbeing used in a cam heating system, in which case the pipe" .1 is thereturn pipe for the water-of condensation leading from the tail end ofthe system, or from anyother point from which the system may be drained.When the system is started or put intooperation, the tank 1 and the pipe2 are likely to he .full of cold water, or a sufiicient quantity ofsctjcellv cold water is likely to flow to the nlr l to fill it and theadjoining pipes. In

order to discharge this water it must be raisedby boiler prcmure up tothe level of the cross'pi e 6. If the pressure which is grried in-t eboiler is say five pounds, the

was-over ipe should be 1placed at a point abpve 1 tank 1. The pi; e in.p e eading to the tank 1 will substant al .ythe same as that in theboiler to substantially equal to live This pressure will force the water'or wasteful.

mm the tank 1 in a solid column up tothe crossover pipe 6 and throughthat pipe mto the discharge leg 4 and into the receiver 8.

At this time, that is, at the beginning of the? operation of the system,the pressure in the receiver 8 will be atmospheric so that there will beno pressure in that receiver to oppose the lifting of the water. As soonas the water has been discharged from the tank 1, or the column of solidWater in the supply leg 3 has been broken, the steam or air or gas fromthe heating system will flow up through the, pipe 3 and, by reason ofits velocity, will carry along with it globules or particles ofw'aterfrom the tank 1 up to the top of the loop or through the crosspipc 6 andover into the disc arge leg 4, and hence into the receiver 8. At thesame time the pressure of five pounds will extend intothe discharge legof: the loop and will be exerted on top of the voter in the receiver.

When the water in the receiver or in the discharge leg, has risen toasuilicient height to overcome the resistance of the pipe 9 and the checkvalve and tljieipressurc in the boiler, the water will he disch urgedfrom the receiver 8 into the boiler, andthis discharge will continueuntil the Waterin the receiver 8 has fallen to such a level. that thewater column is no longer great enough to overcome frictional resistanceof the pipe ll; and the check valve 10, together with the boilerpressure and the check valve will then close, and will remain closeduntil the water in the receiver has again risen high enough to open thecheck valve, when the operat on will be repeated.

It is an important feature of the invention to have the receiver 8 ofhorizontal cross sectional area ccmsidemhly larger than that of thesupply leg. This helps to prevent the flooding of the loop by a suddenoutflow of water from the system. It happens every now and then in everyheating system that i there is an unusual rush of water of condensatlonlnto the tank I and into the loop. If the receiver 8 were not used thedischarge leg would be certain at such times to be entirely filled tothe top of the loop and the supply leg would likewise be filled, or the.

supply leg and discharge leg would be filled up to the point to whichthe pressure in the system. would raise the water. If the loop becomesfull. for any cause its operation ceases because the flow of steam orair or gas is cut off, and consequently no water can becarried up by anoutflowing current, and thrv loop is put out of action. The only way inwhich the loop could then be cleared would be by blowing the water outinto the atmosphere. This would require av manipulation of the systemthat would be very inconvenient and troublesome as well as expensive Thesystem would not clear itself of water automatically. By using the andthe operation of the loss is co oansss the loop from becoming full orchoked with Water. Consequently pressure from the sys tem extendsihrough the loop at. all. limes No Water is iliscllargotl into e ho theWater in she reservoi 8 rises to the proper level, but as soon us fihishappens the check valve in ipe 9 is opened and. the Water is dischargedinto the ooilcr and continues to discharge until the Water in thereservoir has fallen to the minimum le el. During all this time thecheck valve is fully open. When the check valve clo es open it thereforeremains open for a much longer time than would he the case if thereceiver 8 were not used. If the discharge leg no receiver on it the.water would rise in the clischarge leg until there was a suhioiont Watercolumsz to open the check valve, then water would be discharged into theboiler until tho water in. the discharge leg fell to the minimum level.But this would happen very quickly and but a. small quantity of Waterwould be discharged into the boiler iinithe interval. T16 check valve 10would remain open but a short time. It would be opening and closing notonly intermittently bus frequently, and Ellis constant opening andclosing would reoluce she actual volume of flow through it verymaterially. When she receiver is usecl, as soon as the Water has risenin it to the maximum level the check valve 10 is opened Wide, and thereis a continuous fiow through it until the water has fallen in thereceiver to the minimum level. This flow is enough lo take care of anddis-- charge possible volume of Water that car. he carried over by theloop, so that the check valve and its pipe 3., when used with. thereceiver, has capacity sufilcienc at any lime to handle any amount ofWater that is brought; overuby the aclior. of the loop. It is essentialto this operation that the receiver 8 should be placed at the properelevasion, to wit, a6; such a polar; chat the level to which the watermuss rise in the vlischarge leg in order to cause a discharge into theboiler, shall be below the top of receiver, and that the level to whichthe Water must fall in orcler to cause the check valve '10 to he closeclmust loo above the loostom. of the receiver. In other words, the maximumlevel of the Water that is necessary to open the checlr. valve, and theminimum levcl of the Wa-teu alwhich the check valve cios-eu, muss laoihbe within the receiver ilself or at some L; 1 point between Jhe sop andborom of we receiver. I K

In Fig. l, 16 represents the level av; winch the W ater oolumn will openthe check valve an! iicgio to discharge mto tho and il iveproscuts sbhelevel at which aim check valve will be closed and the LllSCl'LSTgQstoppecl. Some advantagewould be secured by placing the receiverabove-the level 16 as it would still act as a reservoir to prevent, orhelp to prevent, the flooding of loop, but to scours she full advantageof the ceiver lb m l' he olacecl in the position pro viously ihccl.

If at M 1 time while the system is in operation accumulates in the iank1 so rapidly tom ilk! tank becomes full of water so as to suspend theaction of the loop, the pressure tho Lop of the loop will rapidly fallby reason of the condensation of the steam and by reason of the. factthat the automatic air valve '13 will open when the flow through theloop ceases. The pressure at the upper part of the loo will thereby berapidly reduced to atniosp eric pressure. In this way a dillereutialpressure will be cslablishecl between the pipe 2 or tank 1, arlcltheupper end of the loop, which ill cause tho Water to he lifted om oftin.- look 1 in a solio column up to {she cross-over pipe 6, and willcause it to flow through hut crossover pipe into the discharge leg 4until she solid Water column in the pipe 2-; will be against broken whenthe operoiior or the loop v ll reslablishcd. 'lhus vhooevcr su'ilicieni;"-rvater collects in the tank 1 during the operation of the sstcm tofill it full of solid Water, the loop will clear itself automaticallyanrl will again. begin to o erate in the manner explained above. Thesysicm is thus kept in cool mus and autonmiic operation, and the -r iscontlmiously dischar od from the tank L) high temgicrotm'es and with.great rcsulring economy.

In all loops previously known to me the cold that collected in the loopat the over the. top of the loop or through the cross-pipe 6 at vcry"plained, the solid water is discharged intov the boiler automatic-allyboth when the :3 tem is first pol? into operation and at any time duringthe operation of the. system. when such solid body of water accumulatestherein.

Fig. 2 my invention is shown embodied in a steam heating system. 18 isthe boiler. 19 represents tho level of the water i i. she bo ler. fromsystem. 21 is the supply pipe leading to the radiators 5:2, 22'. Gilly'bwo radiators are shown, but as many rwiatorsmay be used.-

20 is the supply main leadingdome of the boiler to the heating asdesired. 23, :23 are ordinary hand supform shown in 1 except that theopera- .ply valves in the supply branches leading to tion is materiallyimproved by the use of a each radiator. 24, 24 are return valves ofplurality of crossover pipes, and also by any suitable construction' 25is the return connecting the tank or reservoir 31 directly main throughwhich the water of condense with the boiler. The water flowing from the70 tion flows from the system. 26, 26 are check heating system throughthe pipes 25 and 41, valves placed in short branches oi the return.first accumulates in the pipe 31, and lithe pipe leading from thesgiarate radiato ps to water column in thatp1pe is of suflicient thereturn pipe '2? is a drip pipe cad height to overcome the bo1lerressure, or

, lug from the base of the supply pipe 'Q-Lto the difference between thebol er ressure 75 the horizontal pipe 28 which is connected and theressure in the pipes 25 an 41, the with the boiler below the water leveland water w' lflow directly into the boiler withthrough which the waterof condensation reout passing over the-loop. But if this difceived fronithe various parts of the system ferential becomes greater the water willbe is returned ,to the boiler. 29 is a check valve carried over the loopin the manner already a in the pipe 27. 30 represents a drip pipeexplained in connection with Fig. 1. There leading from some other partof the heating is a marked advantage in" havmg several system and.connecting with the pipe 27. crossover pipes. When the water accumu- 31is a vertical pipe of relatively large di lates in the reservoir 31 atthe of ameter wliicl'.. a'ct s as a tank or reservoir to the operationor during the operation, the a receive the water of condensation fromthe pressure which is back of it in the heating return pipe 25. The pipe31 empties into system will force it up through the supply the pipe 528.is a check valve placed in leg 33 to the first crossover pipe and possily the pipe 284.;to prevent any back flow from higher than that. Thewater'will-be forced the bo ler'into the pipe 83 is the supply up veryquickly, and it may not esca 9 y leg' of the loop. 3 1 is thedischargeleg of through the first crossover pipe as rapi y the loop. In this formof the invention the as it rises up in the supply leg. The-second entiredischarge leg is made larger in cliamecrosspipe w ich is placed, saytwenty seven ter than the supply leg, being represented inches above thefirst, will operate as an adin the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 as having(litional channel of escape for this solid a diameter of about threetimes that of the water from the supply leg to the discharge supply leg.35 is a pipe connecting the leg. It is important to have the solid watertwo legs 01 the loop at or near their upper discharged from the supplyleg to the dis ends. 36, 36 are crossover pipes connectcharge legrapidly as possible so as to p 35 ing the supply leg with the dischargeleg establish and bring into action the current 190 at different pointsor levels shown. In of steam oI air or gas in the supplyleg theparticular construction illustrated in which serves to carry the waterup over the .Fig. 2, two of these crossover pipes are used, top of theloop. The additional crosspipes but it will be apparent that a largernumber aid in accomplishing this result. If the 40 may be employed ifnecessary. These crosspressure in the reservoir 31 is sufficient to 105over pipes are provided with check .valves lift the water as high as thesecond or third 37, 37 to prevent back flow into the "supply crosspipe,the flow from the supply leg to leg. The discharge leg is connected: atits the discharge leg will be all the morerapid, lower end with the pipe28. It is also proand the supply leg will be freed from the vided nearits lower end with check valve solid column of water in shorter time.110

38. I The supply leg 33 projects down into Water tends to flow instraight lines, and if j the reservoir 31' to a point on a level with.there is suilicient pressure in the reservoir or below the bottom of thehorizontal por ill to lift the water up to the second crosstion of thepipe 25. 39 is an escape pipe pipe, the chances are that the water willconnected with the upper end of the loop to rise, at least for a time,in the supply leg as 15 permit the escape of air and, gas. It is prohigh as the second. crosspipe, and an apprevided at its upperend withthe automatic ciable amount of time would be consumed escape valve orautomatic air valve it) which in its discharge through the lowestcrossmay be of any desired construction. I prepipe if that were the onlyone. Butjhis for to use a valve which will permit the esdischarge ismade much more rapid b the j.

cape of air and gas but prevent the escape use of a number of crossoverpi es. f the of steam; The cscapepipe 39 is provided at so ply leg 33becomes filled with a solid its lower end with a check valve 43. 41 coumn of water for some distance above its H represents a return pipecoming from some lower end, the steam in the 11 per part of the so otherpart of the system and emptying into loop will be condensed, there yreducin the up thepipe 25. 42 is an ordinary han valve pressure. TheWater in the leg 33 will t erei or gate valve in the pipe EZSfhy meansof fore he lifted to a point corresponding to the which that pipe may beclosed. difference between the pressure "in the pipe The operation ofthis form of my inven- 25, and the pressure in the top of the lobp.

tion is substantially the same as that of the This will raise the waterin the leg 33 high 139 upwardly for a. su 'cient distance to providethesome as the pressure in the return pipe 25, whi ch'is nearly the some asthe pressure in the boiler. This pressure Will operate on top of thewater column in the discharge leg to aid' in discharging the water intothe boiler.

The discharge le of the loop must extend for a Water column that will behigh enough, under any circumstances, to overcome any boiler pressurethat may be used in the system.

Important advantages are secured by my invention. Whenever Wateraccumulates, or ten'dsto accumulate,- at the tail end of the s stein, itis at once carried over into the discharge leg of the loop until asutiicient column of water is produced therein to cause the Water to befed into the boiler. This is done automatically and by u very simple andinexpensive apparatus. The water is discharged into the boiler as soonas it accumulats in any substantial quantity, and it is therefore fedinto the boiler While it is still hot thereb economizing in the use ofheat. The fioo ing of the apparatus is prevented. It is never necessaryto blow' the water out into the atmosphere either when the systemv isfirst put into operation or ut any time when, for one reason or another,there has been an unusually large flow of water to the loop.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In u. loop for transferring liquids, the combination of a. supplylog, a discharge log, a connecting pipe at or near the lop of the legs,mid across-over pipe connecting the legs at a lower point. v

2. In a loop for transferring liquids, the combination of a supply log,a discharge leg,

4: connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, and a cr0ss-pipeconnecting the legs at u lower"point, and a check valve in thecross-over pipe.

3. In a loop for transferring liquids, the combination of a supply leg,a discharge leg, a: connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, anda plurality of crossover pipes connecting the legs at diil'erentdevels.I

4. In a loop for transferring liquids, the combination of a supply leg,a discharge log, a connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, uplurality of cross-over pipes connectlIlg'tllO legs at different levels.and check valves in the cross-over pipes.

5. In a loop for transferring liquids, the

combination of a supply leg, at discharge leg, a connecting pipe at ornear the top of the legs, on automatic escape velve near the top of theloop to reduce the pressure at that point, and a cross-over pipeconnecting the legs at a lower point.

6. In :1 loop for transferring liquids. the combination of :1 supplyleg, a discharge. leg, a connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs,an automatic air valve near the top of the loop,'nnd uv crossover pipeconnecting the legs at a lower point.

7. The combination with a boiler of a loop for feeding condensed liquidto the boiler, consisting of a supply leg, :1 discharge leg connectedwith the boiler, a connecting. pipe at or near the top of the legs, anda crossover pipe connecting the legs at a lower point.

8. The combination with a boiler of a loop for feeding condensed liquidto the boiler, consisting of a supply leg, a discharge leg connectedwith the boiler. a connccting pipe at or near the top of the legs, and acrossover pipe connecting the legs at e lower point, and a check valvein the cross-over pipe.

9. The combination with a boiler of a loop for feeding condensed liquidto the boiler, consisting" of a supply leg, :1 discharge leg connectedwith the boiler. a connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, and aplurality of crossover pipes connecting the legs at different levels.

10. The combination with a boiler of a loop for feeding condensed liquidto the boiler. consisting of :1 supply log, a discharge leg connectedwith the boiler, a connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, a.plurality of cross-over pipes connecting the legs at different. levels.and check valves in the crossover pipes.

ll. The combination with u boiler of a, loop for feeding condensedliquid to the boiler, consisting of u supply leg. :1 dischurg'e legconnected with the boiler. 21 connectingpipe at or ncnr the top of thelegs, a cross-over pipe connecting the legs at a lower point, a checkvalve in the cross-over pipe. and an automatic valve near the top of theloop.

12. The combination with a boiler of a loop for feeding condensed liquidto the boiler, consist-i t' a supply leg, 2 discharge leg cow led withthe boiler of larger cross-sectional area than the supply leg, :1connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, and a crossover pipeconnecting tbe lcgs at a lower point. end :1 check valve in thecross-over pipe.

l3. The (unnbinution with a steam boiler of a loop for feeding water ofcondensation to the boiler, consisting of a supply leg, a discharge leg,connected with the receiver. 'a.

connecting pipe at or near the top of the legs, a cross-over pipeconnecting the legs at a lower level, a check valve in the cross-- overpipe, and a receiver of. large cross-sectional area into which thedischarge leg opens, the receiver being connected with the boiler.

14. The combination with a steam boiler of a loop for feeding water ofcondensation to the boiler, oonsistin of a supply leg,'a discharge legconnecte with the receiver, a connecting pipe at or near the top of thelegs, a cross-over pipe connecting the legs at a lower level, a checkvalve in the cross over pipe, and a receiver of large cross-seet-ionalarea into which the discharge leg opens, the receiver being connected.with the boiler and being so arranged as to extend from the level atwhich the water begins to ANDREW G. PAUL.

Witnesses

